![precipitate symbol precipitate symbol](http://scientifictutor.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Precipitation-Definitions.jpg)
The filtered solution is again treated with alkali to precipitate the free base, which is dissolved in acetone or other solvents.
![precipitate symbol precipitate symbol](https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/precipitation-water-color-icon-vector-illustration-sign-isolated-symbol-216268079.jpg)
Coca paste is redissolved in sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate is added to destroy cinnamoylcocaine and other impurities. This solution is neutralised with lime, causing cocaine base (coca paste) to precipitate. The dissolved cocaine is extracted from the kerosene with sulfuric acid to produce an aqueous solution of cocaine sulfate. The leaves are moistened with lime water or other alkali and extracted with kerosene (paraffin). They are processed into cocaine hydrochloride in clandestine laboratories. The estimated minimal lethal dose is 1.2 g, but susceptible individuals have died from as little as 30 mg applied to mucous membranes, whereas addicts may tolerate up to 5 g daily.ĭried coca leaves contain up to 1 % cocaine. The plasma half-life of cocaine is 0.7–1.5 hours and is dose dependent. Some unchanged cocaine is found in the urine. When consumed with alcohol, cocaine also produces the metabolite cocaethylene. The main metabolites are benzoylecgonine, ecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, all of which are inactive.
![precipitate symbol precipitate symbol](https://cdn1.iconfinder.com/data/icons/smashicons-symbols-solid-vol-1/59/48_-_Precipitation_symbols_sign_symbolism-512.png)
Following a 25-mg dose, blood levels peak in the range 400–700 μg/L depending on the route of administration. Cocaine has a strong reinforcing action, causing a rapid psychological dependence, an effect even more pronounced in those who smoke cocaine base. Like amphetamine, it produces euphoria, tachycardia, hypertension and appetite suppression. It increases transmitter concentrations in both the noradrenergic and the dopaminergic synapse and also acts as an anaesthetic agent. When in the form of crack, cocaine base usually occurs as small (100–200 mg) lumps (‘rocks’).Ĭocaine has a similar psychomotor stimulant effect to that of amphetamine and related compounds. Cocaine base ( CAS-50-36-2) and the hydrochloride salt ( CAS-53-21-4) are white powders.